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Abbas Saremi; Mohammad Parastesh; Ahmad Mahdavi
Abstract
Abstract Background: Moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) has been reported as an effective exercise on bone metabolism. However, very few studies have focused on high-intensity interval training (HIIT). The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of HIIT and MICT training ...
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Abstract Background: Moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) has been reported as an effective exercise on bone metabolism. However, very few studies have focused on high-intensity interval training (HIIT). The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of HIIT and MICT training on bone density in middle-aged rats.Methods: 30 male Wistar rats (16 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups: control, MICT and HIIT. Both test groups completed 8 weeks (5 sessions per week) of treadmill training in which the HIIT group performed 10 sessions of running at a speed of 35-47 m/min with a 2-minute active recovery, and the HIIT group ran continuously for 10-45 minutes at a speed of 15-20 meters per minute. The body composition and bone mineral density in the whole body were evaluated through Dual Xray absorptiometry (DXA) at the beginning and after the intervention. The data was analyzed using SPSS software and one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests.Results: After 8 weeks of intervention, BMD of the whole body and femur increased significantly in both groups (p0≥0.05), although the observed change was greater in the HIIT group (p≥0.05). In addition, in the case of BMD of the lumbar vertebra, no significant difference was observed between all three groups after the intervention (p≤0.05).Conclusion: These findings show that a period of HIIT and MICT training can improve bone density in middle-aged rats and compared to MICT, HIIT had more benefits on bone density.
Abstract
Background: Elevated free radical generation in inflamed joints and impaired antioxidant system has been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Evidence suggests that exercise improves the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, although the mechanism is not well understood. The aim of this study was to ...
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Background: Elevated free radical generation in inflamed joints and impaired antioxidant system has been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Evidence suggests that exercise improves the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, although the mechanism is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of swimming training on the glutathione antioxidant system and oxidative changes induced by rheumatoid arthritis in rats. Material and Methods: 8-week-old female Wistar rats were distributed within three groups (n=10 in each): a normal control group (C), a rheumatoid arthritis control group (RA+C), and a rheumatoid arthritis swimming training group (RA+EX). At nine weeks-of-age, rheumatoid arthritis was induced by injection of complete Freundchr('39')s adjuvant (20mg/kg) into the tail of Wistar rats. The degree of arthritis was assessed by macroscopic assessments such as walking ability, skin redness, and swelling in the joints. The RA+EX rats were conditioned to swim for the 4-week period (~20-60 min/day), whereas the C and RA+C remained sedentary in their cages. 48 hours after the last training session, a venous sample was collected to determine metabolic parameters, including glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde).The variance analysis test and the Tukey post-hoc test were applied to analyze the data (p < 0.05). Results: As predicted, rheumatoid arthritis significantly increased levels of malondialdehyde, and swimming training prevented this response (p < 0.05). Interestingly, glutathione peroxidase was significantly decreased in the RA+C group compared to the RA+EX and C groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the severity of rheumatoid arthritis clinical signs in RA+EX group was significantly lower than RA+C group. (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that swimming training may be useful in preventing the negative changes in glutathione antioxidant system and oxidative stress parameters related to rheumatoid arthritis.
Abstract
Background: Tea consumption and exercise loading may have favorable effects on risk of osteoporosis. However, effects of tea plus exercise training on bone density are not clear. The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of combined treatment with tea extract and treadmill exercise on bone mineral ...
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Background: Tea consumption and exercise loading may have favorable effects on risk of osteoporosis. However, effects of tea plus exercise training on bone density are not clear. The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of combined treatment with tea extract and treadmill exercise on bone mineral density in middle-aged rats.
Material and Method: Forty male Wistar rats (14 weeks old) were randomized into four groups: control, sham, exercise training and tea plus exercise training. Rats in the exercise groups were participated in a running exercise program (1 h/day, 5 times/ week for 8 weeks). Tea extract were intraperitoneally injected by 0.3 mg/kg. Body composition and bone mineral density of the whole body were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test.
Results: Running on treadmill significantly increased femur bone mineral density in rats compared to control group (P=0.04). On the other hand, it was observed that exercise plus tea consumption increased bone mineral density in whole body (P=0.01) and femur (P=0.03) of middle aged rats.
Conclusion: Tea enhanced the bone response to mechanical loading and a synergistic effect was observed in a rat model.
